The M.A. program offers either a thesis-based or a project-based option, requiring students to do course work and fulfil a language requirement (for the thesis option), and to complete and be examined on a thesis or a project. The Ph.D. program requires students to do course work, fulfil a language requirement, pass a Field Exam, and to propose, complete and be examined on a dissertation. The M.A. program is normally one to two years of work, and the Ph.D. takes a minimum of four years.